10 “if in doubt, sit them out” Diagram 3: Non-medical assessment of concussion – on field (for parents, coaches, teachers, team-mates) Athlete with suspected concussion On-field signs of concussion: • Loss of consciousness • Lying motionless, slow to get up • Seizure • Confusion, disorientation • Memory impairment • Balance disturbance/motor incoordination • Nausea or vomiting • Headache or ‘pressure in the head’ • Visual or hearing disturbance • Dazed, blank/vacant stare • Behaviour or emotional changes, not themselves Things to look out for at the time of injury Immediate and permanent removal from sport Take normal first-aid precautions including neck protection RED FLAGS • Neck pain • Increasing confusion, agitation or irritability • Repeated vomiting • Seizure or convulsion • Weakness or tingling/burning in the arms or legs • Deteriorating conscious state • Severe or increasing headache • Unusual behavioural change • Visual or hearing disturbance NO Refer to medical practitioner as soon as practical YES Immediate referral to emergency department