1 “if in doubt, sit them out” 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There has been growing concern in Australia and internationally about the incidence of sport-related concussion and potential health ramifications for athletes. Concussion affects athletes at all levels of sport from the part-time recreational athlete to the full-time professional. If managed appropriately most symptoms and signs of concussion resolve spontaneously. Complications can occur however, including prolonged duration of symptoms and increased susceptibility to further injury. There is also growing concern about potential long- term consequences of multiple concussions. The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) is Australia’s peak high- performance sport agency. The Australian Medical Association (AMA) is the peak membership organisation representing the registered medical practitioners (doctors) and medical students of Australia. Both AIS and AMA have clear and unequivocal focus on ensuring the safety and welfare of Australians participating in sport. Over recent years there has been elevated public awareness of sport-related concussion and increased focus on the importance of diagnosing and managing the condition promptly, safely and appropriately. There has also been concern over the possible long-term consequences of recurrent concussion. Sport administrators, medical practitioners, coaches, parents and athletes are seeking information regarding the timely recognition and appropriate management of sport-related concussion. There is need for clear, unequivocal and reliable information to be readily accessible to all members of the community. Funded by the Australian Government, this AIS/AMA Position Statement on Concussion in Sport brings together the most contemporary evidence-based information and presents it in a format that is appropriate for all stakeholders. The AIS and AMA seek to ensure that all members of the public have rapid access to information to increase their understanding of sport-related concussion and to assist in the delivery of best practice medical care. This updated version includes the latest advancements in evidence-based management of concussion in children, and the latest evidence presented by the Concussion in Sport Group at the 2016 Consensus Conference. This update ensures that this Position Statement remains consistent with contemporary evidence. This Position Statement is intended to ensure that participant safety and welfare is paramount when dealing with concussion in sport.